Technology for Magnetic Resonance
APPLICATION notes
Application Notes & Pulse Sequences
General Overview
We welcome submissions from users.
The ZIP archives below contain the application note in Adobe pdf file format and the TNMR data file and pulse sequence.
For single resonance systems, e.g. (Apollo/Discovery HF1/LF1) download the single resonance ZIP archive where specified.
Tecmag users with multiple resonance systems, e.g. (Apollo/Discovery HF2/HF3/HF4) must download the ZIP archive for multiple resonance spectrometers.
Warning!!! DO NOT DOWNLOAD THESE SEQUENCES UNLESS YOU HAVE AT LEAST VERSION 2.0 OF NTNMR. Check the version of NTNMR by going to the Help|About menu. To update an older version of NTNMR, please contact Tecmag's support group
Pulse Sequences
- APT
The Attached Proton Test (APT) experiment produces 13C-decoupled spectra with C-H multiplicity discrimination.
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- COSY (Magnitude)
The COSY pulse sequence generates a 2D NMR spectrum that correlates homonuclear-coupled nuclei. The basic COSY technique with phase cycling for magnitude processing, 2D NMR data acquisition setup and processing on Tecmag spectrometers is described. An NMRscript is provided for 2D magnitude data processing.
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- COSY (Phase Sensitive -- States)
The basic procedure of 2D States (also called States-Haberkorn-Ruben, RuSH, or Hypercomplex) phase sensitive NMR data acquisition and processing on Tecmag spectrometers is described. An NMRscript is included for 2D States data processing.
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- COSY (Phase Sensitive -- TPPI)
This experiment incorporates the Time-Proportional receiver Phase Incrementation (TPPI) technique in the COSY pulse sequence to yield a pure absorption phase 2D spectrum. The basic procedure of 2D TPPI phase sensitive NMR data acquisition and processing on Tecmag spectrometers is described. An NMRscript for the TPPI 2D data processing is provided.
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- CPMAS with TPPM Decoupling
A Two Pulse Phase Modulation (TPPM) proton decoupling scheme is applied after cross-polarization from protons to a rare spin.
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- CPMAS with WHH-4 Homonuclear Decoupling
The proton homonuclear decoupling sequence WHH-4 is applied after cross-polarization from protons to a rare spin.
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- DEPT-135
The Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) experiment uses polarization transfer from protons to a X-nucleus to increase signal strength. The DEPT-135 sequence produces 13C-decoupled spectra with the methine (CH) and methyl (CH3) carbons phased upward while the methylene (CH2) carbons are downward.
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- DEPT Spectral Editing
The spectral editing DEPT experiment acquires three raw DEPT spectra. While the CH spectrum can be directly obtained as one of the raw spectra, an NMRscript generates the CH2 and CH3 spectra using the three raw spectra.
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- HETCOR
The 2D C, H correlation experiment shows cross signals for all directly bonded 1H to 13C nuclei. The basic heteronuclear chemical shift correlation (HETCOR) experiment with phase cycling for magnitude processing, the procedure of 2D NMR data acquisition and processing is described. An NMRscript is provided for the 2D magnitude data processing.
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- INEPT
The Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) experiment increases the signal strength for nuclei with a low gyromagnetic ratio by transferring polarization from protons via the H,X spin coupling.
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- One Pulse NMR and Pulse Calibration
One-pulse-experiment including 90-degree pulse calibration, 1D data acquisition and processing is described.
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- One Pulse NMR with WALTZ-16 Decoupling
The WALTZ-16 is introduced to demonstrate the implementation of a composite pulse decoupling sequence. The WALTZ-16 sequence is applied as a subsequence. In NTNMR the Asynchronous function conveniently merges a subsequence into the main sequence.
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- REDOR
Rotational-Echo Double-Resonance nuclear magnetic resonance (REDOR) is a magic-angle spinning experiment for measuring internuclear distances between heteronuclear spin pairs through the dipolar interaction.
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- SELTICS
The SELTICS (Sideband Elimination by Temporary Interruption of Chemical Shift) sequence suppresses spinning sidebands through multipulse narrowing of the chemical shift scale.
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- Solid Echoes
A solid (quadrupolar) echo is generated by a 90-degree pulse applied at a time duration after a second 90-degree excitation pulse.
Download ZIP Archive for Single Resonance Spectrometers
Download ZIP Archive for Double Resonance Spectrometers
- T1 Measurements (Inversion Recovery)
The longitudinal or spin-lattice relaxation time T1 is measured with the inversion-recovery method.
Download ZIP Archive for Single Resonance Spectrometers
Download ZIP Archive for Double Resonance Spectrometers
- T1rho Measurements
The T1rho experiment measures the relaxation time in the rotating frame. Two experiments are included: a single-resonance version where nuclei are excited by a 90-degree pulse and then spin-locked and a double-resonance where the rare spin is excited by cross-polarization from protons and then spin-locked
Download ZIP Archive for Single Resonance Spectrometers
Download ZIP Archive for Double Resonance Spectrometers
- T2 Measurements (I)
The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) method is applied to measure the transverse or spin-spin relaxation time T2. With this sequence, the FID's are directly used to calculate T2.
Download ZIP Archive for Single Resonance Spectrometers
Download ZIP Archive for Double Resonance Spectrometers
- T2 Measurements (II)
The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) method is applied to measure the transverse or spin-spin relaxation time T2. This sequence has more general applications compared to the one in T2 Measurements (I).
Download ZIP Archive for Single Resonance Spectrometers
Download ZIP Archive for Double Resonance Spectrometers
- TOSS
Total Suppression of Spinning Sidebands (TOSS) is achieved by using a series of 180-degree pulses at carefully determined points in a rotor cycle after excitation (initial 90 degree pulse or cross polarization).
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